Africa the First Time (Cont.)

STEP #3:

HUNTING AFRICA - QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Written by: Peter Ruddle – A Licensed Professional Hunter since 1982

About the Author: The seasoned team at Rust De Winter Safaris is led by Peter Ruddle, a professional hunter with 40+ years of experience who has marketed at many trade shows over the years in the US, including SCI, DSC, Shot Show, SCI Chapter Banquets and hunting shows in Germany, India and Poland. Today, he shares the many questions asked over the years. 

Is Africa all the same?

Africa is a vast and diverse continent with 53 unique countries, each with its own government, landscapes, and hunting regulations. In fact, even within a single country, climates and habitats can vary wildly—from open grasslands to dense rainforests. For instance, South Africa’s nine provinces each have different hunting laws, so it’s important to know where your safari is taking place.

Is hunting in Africa dangerous?

While no trip is entirely risk-free, your safety is top priority. Your professional hunter (PH) will be by your side at all times, ensuring that every precaution is taken for both your safety and theirs.

What languages will I hear during the hunt?

Africa’s rich linguistic diversity is incredible, but English is the most commonly spoken language in Southern and East African hunting destinations. You may encounter Portuguese in Mozambique, French in West Africa, or even German in parts of Namibia. In South Africa, you’ll hear both English and Afrikaans (a derivative of Dutch) in camps.

Pro Tip: It’s always respectful for guides to speak English in front of clients to avoid creating unnecessary discomfort—so feel free to request it!

Do I need a visa?

Visa requirements depend on your nationality and destination. Many African countries, like South Africa, offer visa-free entry or provide visas upon arrival for US and EU travellers. Be sure to check your passport’s expiration date (it should be valid for at least six months) and have two blank pages available.

Can I use my mobile phone to contact family?

In areas near cities or towns, mobile networks are generally reliable. Buying a local SIM card and data plan can help you stay connected. Many camps also offer Wi-Fi, enabling you to use services like Skype or WhatsApp. For more remote locations, satellite phones may be available for an additional fee.

Can I take and post photos with my phone?

Most phones are equipped with excellent cameras, making them convenient for capturing memories. However, always ask before photographing locals or sensitive areas like government buildings. Some private wildlife reserves may also request that photos, especially of endangered species, not be posted on social media to avoid poaching risks.

CUSTOM HUNT VS HUNTING PACKAGE

Should I book a package hunt or go custom?

For first-timers, we recommend starting with a package hunt. These typically include everything you need, from accommodations to airport transfers, and help avoid unexpected costs. For instance, Rust De Winter Safaris offers all-inclusive packages with no hidden costs – making your trip surprise and stress-free.

How do I avoid fraud or misunderstandings?

To protect yourself, always book with a trusted outfitter and get everything in writing. In South Africa, it’s the law to have a signed contract with your outfitter before the hunt begins. This keeps everything transparent and provides a reference point in case of misunderstandings.

What’s included in the price?

Always clarify what’s covered in the cost of your safari—whether it’s taxes, trophy fees, or daily rates. In South Africa, a 15% VAT applies to services, but not on trophies if they’re being exported. Knowing this ahead of time can prevent surprises at the end of the safari.

What are “travel days,” and are they included?

Travel days refer to the time spent getting from the airport to your hunting camp. These might not always be included in your package, so make sure to ask. At Rust De Winter Safaris, we include airport transfers in our package deals to ensure everything runs smoothly. Always read the T&C.

Do trophy fees include license fees?

This varies by outfitter. In South Africa, hunting licenses are often included in your trophy fees, but some species may require additional permits like CITES or TOPS ((Threatened or Protected Permits). Be sure to confirm this with your outfitter before your trip as applications may take up to 30 days to process by the nature conservation officials. 

How experienced is the outfitter?

While experience is important, newer companies may offer personalised service and better rates. Rust De Winter Safaris is a family-run business with roots going back to 1980s. Our seasoned team is led by Peter Ruddle, a professional hunter with 40+ years of experience, ensuring you’ll have an unforgettable experience.

TRAVEL

Should I pack soft or hard luggage?

Soft luggage is generally recommended, especially for charter flights that have a permissible baggage type (duffle bag), weight and size restrictions. Lock or wrap your bags in plastic to avoid theft, and rest easy knowing that all South African airports provide plastic-wrapping services.

What happens when I arrive at the airport?

Upon arrival, you’ll pass through immigration, collect your luggage, and handle customs as necessary. In South Africa, firearms are handled separately through the police. Once you meet your guide, they’ll walk you through the firearms collection process.

Will someone be there to meet me at the airport?

In most cases, yes! Your outfitter will send a representative to greet you. If you’re traveling to another domestic or regional location and want extra peace of mind, consider booking a VIP airport service to help with luggage and customs formalities. This service must be prearranged by your outfitter or travel agent.

How far is the hunting camp from the airport?

Distances vary depending on your destination. At Rust De Winter Safaris, our camp is just a convenient 90-minute drive from the airport—perfect for those looking to rest up quickly after a long flight.

CAMP LIFE & FOOD

Will I be sharing the camp with other hunting parties?

Some outfitters combine groups, while others offer exclusive hunts. Rust De Winter Safaris provides complete privacy, so your experience will be uniquely yours, without the distractions of other hunting parties.

What kind of accommodation will I have?

From luxury lodges to rustic camps, accommodations vary. At Rust De Winter Safaris, most clients stay in a beautiful thatched hunting lodge, though tented camps are available for more adventurous expeditions.

Will we meet the staff upon arrival?

Yes, upon your arrival at camp, you'll be introduced to the key staff members. It's a good idea to get familiar with their names and roles, or even assign nicknames if you're unsure about name pronunciations. If the staff are not on site overnight, be sure to know how to reach them in case of emergencies.

What kind of meals can I expect during my stay?

The meals you'll enjoy can vary depending on your location and local availability of ingredients, but one thing is certain—you won't leave hungry! Whether you’re dining in a lodge or a more remote camp, the chef will always prepare something special, often blending traditional dishes with local flavours. Be sure to inform your host in advance if you have any dietary restrictions or preferences.

In South Africa, you can expect hearty breakfasts with tea, coffee, rusks (a local favourite), cereals, and toast. Lunches might include homemade burgers, venison pies, or traditional sausages, and dinners are typically three-course affairs featuring everything from soups and stews to fresh salads and local desserts.

At Rust De Winter Safaris we pride ourselves on our gourmet meals prepared by our in-house fully qualified chef.

Can I expect to eat venison during my stay?

Absolutely! Venison is a staple on many safari menus, and it’s a real treat. The chef will often serve a variety of meats, including game harvested during your safari, so you can savour the fresh, local flavours of African venison. Unfortunately, no venison may be export for veterinary reasons. 

Is food hygiene a concern?

We take food safety seriously, just like you do. Every precaution is taken during meal preparation to ensure you can enjoy your meals without worry.

Is the water safe to drink?

Most camps offer bottled water, but many also use borehole (well) water that’s filtered or boiled to ensure it’s safe for consumption. You’ll always have access to clean drinking water throughout your safari.

What kinds of alcohol will be available?

You'll typically find a selection of local beers, wines, and sometimes spirits in camp. If you have specific requests for imported spirits or specialty drinks, these can usually be purchased on your behalf, or you can bring some along from duty-free. South African wine is renowned globally and we also have some of the finest local beers in Africa.

What are a lapa, boma, and braai?

These traditional terms are synonymous with African safari life. A boma refers to an open-air enclosure, often made from wooden poles, where guests gather around a fire pit to enjoy drinks or dinner under the stars. A lapa is a gazebo-like structure used as a cosy entertainment area, and a braai is South Africa’s version of a barbecue—an essential part of any authentic safari experience!

Is Wi-Fi available?

In most modern safari lodges and camps, Wi-Fi is available, although the strength and reliability can vary depending on how remote the location is. Many lodges offer complimentary Wi-Fi in common areas, and sometimes in rooms, allowing you to stay connected if needed. However, keep in mind that the speed may not be as fast as you're used to, and in some camps, connectivity might be limited to encourage you to unplug and enjoy the wilderness experience. If staying connected is essential, it's best to check with your outfitter beforehand.

What’s an outdoor shower?

Imagine taking a refreshing shower under the African sky! Outdoor showers are popular in warmer areas, often attached to private en suite bathrooms for a blend of comfort and nature.

Is there a safe for valuables?

Yes, most camps provide safes for firearms and valuables. At Rust De Winter Safaris, rifle safes are available in all of our lodging facilities.

What power adapters will I need?

In Southern Africa, the power voltage is 220V with three-pin plugs. While some camps offer adapters, it’s wise to pack your own. Rust De Winter Safaris also provides hairdryers in every room.

Should I bring my own toiletries?

Many camps offer soaps and shampoos, though in remote locations you might need to bring your own. Rust De Winter Safaris ensures all guests are provided with toiletries, towels, and even bug spray.

FIREARMS

Should I rent or bring my own rifle?

While the idea of hunting with your personal, trusted rifle may sound appealing, bringing your firearm to Africa can involve complicated logistics. From strict airline regulations to import paperwork, the process can be overwhelming. Unless you're deeply attached to your rifle, it's often more convenient to rent one from your outfitter and focus on the experience rather than the bureaucracy. Once you've got a feel for hunting in Africa, you can plan to bring your own rifle on future trips. For left-handed shooters, be sure to check if your outfitter has a suitable rifle available.

What are the rules for bringing a rifle, and what documents do I need to complete?

Regulations for firearm importation vary from country to country, and it's essential to follow the specific requirements of your destination. Your outfitter will typically assist with the necessary paperwork and ensure it's completed in advance. Make sure to plan ahead, as having everything ready before you arrive can save you significant headaches.

Some countries charge service fees. If traveling to South Africa, paying for a service provider to handle the paperwork in advance is highly recommended. Rust De Winter Safaris will guide you through the process and provide you with all the paperwork.

What is the limit on how much ammunition I can bring?

Ammunition limits differ depending on the country. Generally, you can only bring ammunition that matches the calibre of the firearm you're importing. Always check the regulations of the country you're visiting to avoid any issues at customs.

How do I choose the best airline when traveling with firearms?

When flying with firearms, always take the most direct route and make sure the airline you choose is firearm-friendly. Not all airlines accept firearms, so do your research and book with a carrier that accommodates hunters.

What rules must I follow when traveling with firearms by plane?

Airline regulations vary, so it's important to familiarise yourself with the specific rules of your chosen airline. In most cases, you’ll need to notify the airline in advance and allow extra time at the airport for firearm-related procedures. Typically, ammunition must be stored in a locked container within your checked luggage, and bolt-action rifles should have the bolt removed and locked in the rifle case. Always keep a copy of your paperwork handy, as authorities may check it multiple times during your journey.

Am I permitted to bring a handgun for self-defence?

In most African countries, handguns for self-defence are not allowed. However, countries like South Africa permit hunting handguns under specific conditions. Namibia has banned crossbows, and semi-automatic, automatic, or military-style rifles are strictly prohibited across Africa.



Is it necessary to bring a soft gun case?

In Africa, the general rule is that firearms must be unloaded and cased when traveling on public roads. If not in your hard case, a soft gun case is necessary. In most instances your outfitter will provide the appropriate gun case for the country where you are hunting. Additionally, all firearms must be declared when entering national parks.

Am I allowed to bring a knife?

You’re allowed to pack a hunting knife and/or a small knife in your checked luggage, but remember that no knives are permitted in carry-on bags when flying.

CLOTHING & GEAR

Is it necessary to purchase special hunting clothes?

You don’t need to break the bank on new gear—most of what you'll need can already be found in your closet. Many hunters and professional guides (PHs) are comfortable hunting in jeans and a t-shirt. Instead of buying fancy new clothes, save your budget for more important things—like adding an extra trophy to your collection.

What types of clothing will I require?

Clothing needs vary based on the season, altitude, and region. Desert areas can be freezing cold in the morning and scorching hot by midday, especially in the winter months (June–August). Dressing in layers is key to staying comfortable, while a balaclava and gloves can make all the difference on chilly mornings. Summer months (October–December) in areas like Zambia and Mozambique can be sweltering, and you might prefer to hunt in shorts. Your outfitter will provide a kit list with guidelines to help you pack appropriately.

What type of camouflage clothing is most suitable for hunting in Africa?

While military-style camouflage is prohibited in many African countries, casual camo may be worn in some areas. Always check with your outfitter to confirm what's permissible in your destination before packing any camouflage gear.

How many clothes should I pack?

Most lodges offer daily laundry services, so you don’t need to over pack. If you're taking a charter flight to your camp, be aware of the luggage weight limits and pack light.

Do certain lodges refrain from laundering underwear?

Nearly all lodges offer full laundry services, but specialty items requiring dry cleaning might not be washed.

Should I bring a rain jacket or a waterproof jacket?

This depends on the season and location of your hunt. Most safaris occur during the dry winter season, but areas like the African jungle can experience rain at any time. Your outfitter will list specific recommendations on their kit list. A windproof jacket is often more useful in the winter than a rain jacket, but make sure your gear is breathable to avoid excessive sweating.

What type of shoes should I bring?

Comfort is king when it comes to safari footwear. Well-worn boots with a flexible rubber sole are ideal for long walks and stalking game. Avoid new boots that haven’t been broken in, as blisters could ruin your experience. A comfy pair of travel shoes is also great for relaxing around camp.

Is it necessary to bring ankle gaiters?

Ankle gaiters can be extremely helpful in areas where grass seeds tend to stick to your socks, causing discomfort while walking. In some regions, you’ll encounter "Spear Grass"—and yes, the name speaks for itself.

What additional gear should I pack?

A wide-brimmed hat or baseball cap is essential for sun protection, and don’t forget sunblock and sunglasses to protect your eyes from thorns and flying insects. If you’re hunting in shorts, be prepared for potential scratches from the brush. A good multipurpose tool like a Leatherman can also come in handy, but make sure it’s packed in your checked baggage.

Is it better to wear dark or neutral colours?

Dark or neutral tones are best for blending into the environment. While khaki may be a classic safari look, it can actually make you stand out unless you’re hunting in dry, grassy areas. Olive or dark green is often a more effective choice.

Do tsetse flies and mosquitoes get attracted to dark colours?

While dark colours may attract tsetse flies, movement and carbon dioxide are actually the primary lures for these pests and mosquitoes. In regions where tsetse flies are present, such as areas north and east of Namibia, South Africa, and Botswana, they can be a nuisance. However, these areas are often rich in wildlife, which is a trade-off many hunters accept. Outfitters typically provide mosquito repellents and nets in areas where mosquitoes are an issue. Rust De Winter Safaris is both a tsetse fly and malaria free area.

Is it advisable to bring a walking stick?

A walking stick isn’t usually necessary, but if you need one, the outfitter will provide it for you.

Is it a good idea to bring shooting sticks?

Most outfitters supply shooting sticks, but it’s a great idea to practice shooting from sticks before your trip. The majority of your shots will be taken using them, so the more comfortable you are, the better your chances of success.

HUNTING RELATED QUESTIONS

What’s the difference between an outfitter and a professional hunter?

An outfitter is responsible for organising and marketing the entire safari experience, managing paperwork, and ensuring that everything runs smoothly. A professional hunter (PH) is your guide in the field, ensuring your safety and success during the hunt. Many outfitters are also licensed as PHs and can serve in both roles.

Do you operate in high-fenced areas?

Yes, we do offer hunts in high-fenced properties, which are common in several African countries including South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and Zambia. These areas are high-fenced to protect valuable game species and ensure the safety of domestic livestock. In South Africa, high-fenced properties allow landowners to obtain exemption permits for year-round hunting. In addition, these fences enhance security against poachers, with stricter penalties for illegal hunting activities. Link – for more info.

What is a hunting concession?

In Africa, a hunting concession refers to a large, designated unfenced land area where an outfitter has exclusive hunting rights, typically obtained through a bidding process for a specific period. The outfitter is responsible for maintaining and managing the area, which includes wildlife conservation and community initiatives. These concessions can be government or community-owned, with lease fees going to the landowner. In South Africa, concessions often refer to privately owned game ranches, which may be high-fenced and leased for hunting by outfitters.

Are your hunts considered fair chase?

Yes, we offer fair chase hunting. While some hunts take place in high-fenced areas, they are still considered fair chase as long as the animals have the opportunity to escape. In fact, many outfitters across South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe follow this principle. The hunting technique plays a major role in ensuring the fairness of the chase.

What hunting techniques can I expect on safari?

You'll experience a variety of hunting methods during your safari, depending on the terrain and species you're targeting. The most common approach is spotting game while driving and then stalking on foot. Some areas allow shooting from vehicles, but the norm in most regions is walk-and-stalk. Other techniques include tracking, glassing from vantage points, and blind hunting (especially for bowhunters). We strictly follow ethical guidelines, and methods like hunting from helicopters, planes, or using drones are illegal.

What is your success rate?

Our success rate reflects how likely we are to successfully hunt certain species, particularly rare or elusive animals like leopards or bongos. While our professional hunters will do their utmost to help you achieve your goals, a 100% success rate would not be considered fair chase, as it implies the animal had no chance of escape. Rest assured, our team is dedicated to giving you the best chance of success without compromising on ethics.

How is trophy size measured?

Trophy measurements are typically based on two primary scoring systems: Rowland Ward and Safari Club International (SCI). These methods are used for hunters interested in entering their animals into record books. However, most of our professional hunters focus on the overall experience rather than tape measures. Enjoying the hunt itself is always the top priority.

What are the typical shooting distances?

Shooting distances vary depending on the environment. In thick bush or wooded areas, shots may be between 60 to 150 metres (65 – 165 yards), while open desert or mountain terrain may require shots up to 300-400 metres (330 – 440 yards). Bowhunters can expect to shoot between 25 to 45 metres (25 - 50 yards). We’ll always tailor the shooting distances to your personal capabilities.

How does the weather impact hunting?

Weather conditions can influence certain species' behaviour. Cold fronts, for instance, might cause animals like kudu or nyala to become more elusive. During these times, we’ll shift focus to animals that are more active in open grasslands. Fortunately, these weather systems usually pass quickly, allowing us to return to regular hunting conditions.

Does the moon phase affect hunting?

Yes, moon phases play a significant role in hunting. During a full moon, nocturnal predators like leopards face more challenges, as antelope can see better and avoid predation. Conversely, during a dark moon, animals are more likely to be active during the day, increasing your chances of success.

Is night hunting possible?

In some high-fenced South African ranches, night hunting is allowed, though this is strictly regulated. Most countries in Africa, however, prohibit hunting after dark. Where legal, outfitters may charge additional fees for night hunts, which offer a unique experience to observe Africa’s nocturnal wildlife.

Can I swap animals from a hunting package or add extras?

Many outfitters offer flexibility when it comes to animal swaps within a hunting package. Additional animals and hunting days can be added, though hunting licenses for certain species may need to be arranged in advance.

What should I carry in my daypack?

Your daypack should include essential items such as glasses (if needed), sunblock, wet wipes, and any necessary medications. A snack bar or candy is a great idea for quick energy. Additionally, it’s always wise to carry a copy of your firearm paperwork. We provide water, soft drinks, and food, so you'll be well-prepared for a full day of hunting.

Will we check my scope before hunting?

Yes, its standard procedure to check your rifle is correctly sighted before the hunt begins. This ensures you’re prepared and minimises the risk of wounding an animal. Airlines can sometimes mishandle luggage, causing scopes to shift, so a pre-hunt range session is essential.

How can I prepare physically for my safari?

The better shape you’re in, the more enjoyable your safari will be. Regular walking, particularly on uneven terrain, can help you improve balance and stamina. Practicing shooting positions, like using rocks or logs as rests, will also boost your readiness. Your PH will adapt the hunt to suit your fitness level.

What can non-hunters do during hunting days?

Non-hunters are welcome to join the hunt, experiencing Africa’s incredible wilderness first-hand. Alternatively, they can relax at camp, swim, or take part in local excursions, including cultural visits, scenic tours, and wildlife projects.

Can an observer shoot an animal?

In South Africa and Namibia, observers may be allowed to take a shot at one common species, though this is at the outfitter's discretion. However, in some countries, individual hunting licenses are required, and shooting as an observer may not be possible. 

Do you offer additional excursions?

We can arrange a variety of excursions, from day tours to extended visits to Africa’s most famous tourist destinations. Options range from cultural experiences to scenic tours, and each trip can be tailored to your interests. Link to #10. Places to Visit

What types of accommodation are available during excursions?

We offer a range of accommodation options, from rustic self-catering lodges to fully catered luxury camps. For those seeking an authentic African experience, we also provide glamping and luxury tented camps.

What are the taxidermy options for my trophies?

We work closely with professional taxidermists to ensure your trophies are handled with care. You can choose to have your taxidermy done in Africa or have the trophies prepared for shipping. We’ll handle all the necessary paperwork, and we offer various shipping options, including sea freight, which can be more cost-effective. Link to # 9. Taxidermy in South Africa

HEALTH & MEDICAL INFORMATION

What medical information should I be aware of?

With travel and health regulations constantly changing, it’s essential to stay updated on the latest requirements before your safari. If vaccinations are needed, it’s best to get them done before you leave. If you take chronic medications, pack enough to last the entire trip and carry extra, just in case. Make sure your Professional Hunter (PH) is aware of any medical conditions and medications you may need in an emergency.

What vaccinations or medical precautions are necessary?

For first-time hunters to South Africa, special medical precautions are generally not required. However, if you're venturing into East, Central, or Northern Africa, some vaccinations are mandatory. Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Mozambique may only require malaria prophylaxis in specific regions. Consult your doctor or a travel health expert before your trip. Some preventative medications, like certain malaria tablets, can have unpleasant side effects. It's always a good idea to keep your tetanus shot updated, as it can be invaluable for outdoor activities.

Is rabies a concern?

While rabies outbreaks occasionally occur in Africa, there’s no need to take specific precautions unless you come into direct contact with an infected animal. Avoid patting unfamiliar pets and wild animals behaving oddly.

Do I need to bring a first aid kit?

Most outfitters provide well-stocked first aid kits in both hunting vehicles and camps, so it's typically unnecessary to bring your own. However, it’s never a bad idea to have a small personal kit for any minor needs.

How can I manage jet lag?

Overcoming jet lag can be tough during the first couple of days in camp. Some hunters find homeopathic remedies helpful, while others may take a mild sleeping aid. It’s essential to avoid alcohol if you're using sleep medication. The key is staying awake as long as possible on your first night, using a mild sleep aid, and by the second night, you should start to feel back to normal.

Are there hospitals or doctors nearby?

In South Africa, medical facilities and doctors are readily available in cities and larger towns. However, if you are hunting in remote areas like Zimbabwe, Zambia, Uganda, Mozambique, or Tanzania, medical help may be a long distance away. For dangerous game hunting in these regions, it’s highly advisable to have medical insurance that covers emergency evacuations.

INSURANCE

What insurance coverage is recommended?

It’s crucial to have both medical and travel insurance while on safari. Ripcord offers coverage specifically tailored to hunters. Before purchasing, check if your existing insurance already covers international travel or if they can recommend a better option. Always keep your insurance documentation handy to avoid complications in case of an emergency. Additionally, consider cancellation insurance, especially with the unpredictable nature of travel mishaps.

MONEY RELATED ISSUES

What payment options do I have?

Most outfitters require a deposit to secure your hunt reservation, with the balance either paid before the safari begins or before leaving camp. Typically, payments are made via electronic transfer, and while some outfitters accept credit cards (Visa and Mastercard are most common), others prefer cash, especially in more remote areas. Make sure to notify your bank before traveling to avoid any issues with your card being declined abroad. Some outfitters may also charge a small fee for credit card transactions.

What’s a SWIFT code?

When making international transfers, particularly from the USA, your bank will require a routing or SWIFT code, which is used by banks in Africa.

Can I withdraw money from an ATM?

ATMs are widely available in most major cities and towns in South Africa and you can use both debit and credit cards to withdraw local currency. However, transaction limits may apply, and it’s important to notify your bank of your travel plans to avoid any blocks on your card.

What about tipping?

Tips for service in restaurants generally range around 10 - 15%. For your hunting experience, tipping is a customary gesture, with Professional Hunters (PHs) often tipped in foreign currency and other staff in local currency. Each outfitter may have different recommendations, so it’s a good idea to ask for guidance on appropriate amounts and methods. Link to #8. Tipping Guidelines for Hunters in South Africa

Do you offer discounts for military personnel or other groups?

Discounts may vary depending on the outfitter. Some offer special rates for military veterans, disabled hunters, or for certain charitable events, like those hosted by Safari Club International. It’s always worth asking your outfitter about available discounts.